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Rat potiče inovacije, ali je poguban za znanost

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FILE PHOTO: A rescuer walks during a search operation for bodies under the rubble of a building destroyed by Russian shelling, amid Russia's Invasion of Ukraine, in Borodyanka
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A drone view shows destroyed buildings in Avdiivka
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Ukrainian serviceman prepares a reconnaissance UAV at a front line in Zaporizhzhia region
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German Defence Minister Pistorius and German President Steinmeier visit Ukrainians undergoing Leopard tank training in Klietz
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Aftermath of a drone attack, in Kharkiv
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U.S. Under Secretary of State Victoria Nuland visits in Kyiv
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FILE PHOTO: Aftermath of a Russian missile strike in Selydove
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FILE PHOTO: IAEA expert mission visits Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant in June 2023
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FILE PHOTO: Aftermath of a Russian missile attack in Odesa
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Aftermath of a Russian missile attack in Lviv
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Volunteers of the East SOS non-governmental organisation evacuate Valentina Kitush from her home in Selydove
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People take shelter in a metro station during an air raid amid Russia's attack on Ukraine in Kyiv
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People take shelter in a metro station during an air raid amid Russia's attack on Ukraine in Kyiv
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Ukrainian serviceman says goodbye his to wife who was visiting him during a short break from his frontline duty at the train station in Kramatorsk
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Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen visits Ukraine
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Aftermath of a Russian missile attack in Kharkiv
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Ukrainian serviceman carries a reconnaissance UAV at a front line in Zaporizhzhia region
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Aftermath of a Russian missile strike in Chuhuiv, Kharkiv region
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Aftermath of a Russian missile attack in Kyiv
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Aftermath of a Russian missile attack in Kharkiv
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Aftermath of Russian missile strike in Kyiv
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A woman walks past apartment blocks that were destroyed in a Russian missile strike in Selydove near Avdiivka
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A woman walks past apartment blocks that were destroyed in a Russian missile strike in Selydove near Avdiivka
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Russian missile strike in the village of Buda-Babynetska
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View shows a church heavily damaged during a Russian attack on Ukraine in Donetsk region
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Russian President Putin attends a forum in Tula
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Ukrainian farmer visits his crop storage that was destroyed by Russian military strike near a frontline outside Orikhiv
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German Defence Minister Pistorius and German President Steinmeier visit Ukrainians undergoing Leopard tank training in Klietz
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German Defence Minister Pistorius and German President Steinmeier visit Ukrainians undergoing Leopard tank training in Klietz
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Denmark's Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and her husband Bo Tengberg visit Ukraine
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A Ukrainian serviceman camouflages a self propelled howitzer at a front line near the town of Chasiv Yar
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A Ukrainian serviceman camouflages a self propelled howitzer at a front line near the town of Chasiv Yar
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Aftermath of a Russian drone strike in Dnipro
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Aftermath of a Russian drone strike in Dnipro
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The Wider Image: With lives shattered by war, Ukrainian teens build new dreams
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The Wider Image: With lives shattered by war, Ukrainian teens build new dreams
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A drone view shows of the Avdiivka Coke and Chemical Plant in the town of Avdiivka
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A drone view shows of the Avdiivka Coke and Chemical Plant in the town of Avdiivka
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Damaged and abandoned Ukrainian International MaxxPro MRAP vehicle is seen near the front line village of Robotyne in Zaporizhzhia region
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Ukrainian serviceman practices with an FPV drone in Donetsk region
27.03.2024.
u 16:07
Računa se kako je barem 40 posto znanstvene populacije Ukrajine pogođeno ratom, imaju poginulih, nestalih, a većina sada pokušava znanstvene karijere održati negdje drugdje
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Najtužnija instanca koja se može dogoditi u ljudskom postojanju svakako je rat. Sukob dvaju ili više nacionalnih ili državnih entiteta izvlači često ono najlošije kod svih koji su njegovi čimbenici, a koji će u ratni napor uložiti maksimum svog znanja i resursa. Pa su tako, kontroverzno, ratovi nedvojbeno uvijek donosili ključne znanstvene i tehnološke inovacije. U vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata stigli su mlazni motor, transfuzija krvi, radar, masovna primjena penicilina, cjepiva protiv gripe, početak primjene računala, a onda, ne biste vjerovali, i mikrovalna pećnica, ljepljiva traka i atomska bomba. U ratne je svrhe i poslije razvijano još mnoštvo sustava i uređaja koje danas svakodnevno koristimo, poput interneta i GPS-a.

Ni rat u Ukrajini neće biti iznimka. Osim što dolazi do naglog i masovnog razvoja dronova, zemlje će se udružiti u naporu kako bi se ubrzao razvoj kvantnih tehnologija i hipersoničnih raketa. Kao što će se razviti i niz novih za oružje potrebnih sustava. Ali po znanost, posredno i neposredno, rat ima poguban učinak. I Ukrajina i Rusija tradicionalno su znanstveni giganti. Računa se kako je barem 40 posto znanstvene populacije Ukrajine pogođeno ratom, imaju poginulih, nestalih, a većina sada pokušava znanstvene karijere održati negdje drugdje. Porušeni su neki vrijedni znanstveni objekti poput Instituta za fiziku i tehnologiju te Instituta za radio astronomiju u Harkivu, pa najveći svjetski niskofrekventni radio teleskop kojim je taj institut upravljao. Ukupno je uništeno 27 posto ukrajinske znanstvene infrastrukture. Za polovinu je smanjeno financiranje znanosti, a sredstva su preusmjerena u ratne svrhe.

Ruski znanstvenici, s druge strane, izolirani su od svijeta, teško se upoznaju s najnovijim svjetskim dostignućima, ne mogu putovati, a mobilnost je s vremenom postala jedan od ključnih preduvjeta za znanstveni uspjeh. Rat je poremetio i provođenje energetske tranzicije bez stresa. Do te mjere da je Amin Nasser, direktor Saudi Aramcoa, saudijske naftne kompanije, jedne od najvećih na svijetu, nedavno rekao kako bi 'svijet trebao napustiti' fantaziju da će se riješiti nafte i plina, sasvim sigurno ne već s 2030. godinom kako se nadalo. Jer, iako je svijet u posljednja dva desetljeća uložio dvije i pol milijarde dolara u obnovljive izvore energije, oni i dalje svjetskoj potrebi za energijom pridonose s manje od četiri posto. Globalne su potrebe za energijom porasle za ekvivalent od 100 milijuna barela nafte dnevno u ovom stoljeću, jer i razvoj zemalja trećeg svijeta i dalje ovisi o nafti budući da se tamo u obnovljive izvore gotovo i ne ulaže. Taj se trend sigurno neće preokrenuti ako sredstva preusmjeravamo na potrebe obrane.

GALERIJA Zmajevi zubi u Ukrajini postavljeni kako bi spriječili prodor Rusa

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Ukrainian defence line in Zaporizhzhia region
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Dragon's teeth and razor wire near the town of Bakhmut
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Dragon's teeth and razor wire near the town of Bakhmut
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A satellite image shows an overview of fortifications built by the Russian army, including "dragon's teeth" and trenches, stretching across the town of Tokmak
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A satellite image shows an overview of rows of fortifications called "dragon's teeth" and trenches built by the Russian army in the Vasylivka district
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A satellite image shows an overview of fortifications built by the Russian army, including "dragon's teeth" and trenches, stretching along the beach, in Yevpatoriya
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A satellite image shows an overview of fortifications built by the Russian army, including "dragon's teeth" and trenches, stretching across the town of Tokmak
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Ukrainian defence line near Kupiansk
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Ukrainian defence line near Kupiansk
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Ukrainian servicemen check newly build anti tank fortifications and barbed wire stretch across a field near Russian border in Chernihiv region
Foto: GLEB GARANICH/REUTERS
Ukrainian servicemen check newly build anti tank fortifications and barbed wire stretch across a field near Russian border in Chernihiv region
Foto: GLEB GARANICH/REUTERS
Ukrainian servicemen check newly build anti tank fortifications and barbed wire stretch across a field near Russian border in Chernihiv region
Foto: GLEB GARANICH/REUTERS
Ukrainian servicemen check newly build anti tank fortifications and barbed wire stretch across a field near Russian border in Chernihiv region
Foto: GLEB GARANICH/REUTERS
Ukrainian servicemen check newly build anti tank fortifications and barbed wire stretch across a field near Russian border in Chernihiv region
Foto: GLEB GARANICH/REUTERS
Ukrainian servicemen check newly build anti tank fortifications and barbed wire stretch across a field near Russian border in Chernihiv region
Foto: Thomas Peter/REUTERS
Ukraine builds barricades, digs trenches as focus shifts to defence
Foto: Thomas Peter/REUTERS
Ukraine builds barricades, digs trenches as focus shifts to defence
Foto: Thomas Peter/REUTERS
Ukraine builds barricades, digs trenches as focus shifts to defence

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